Terms definitions for Learning Learners

Definitions

1. teaching

- The process of teaching is a form of communication to impart knowledge and skills to the students. Interaction and communication occur between teacher and student. There are 2 parties involved, teacher and student.

2. learning

- The process of learning is permanent change of behaviour. Learning also involves the change of personality, habits and traits of an individual.

3. perception

- Perception is how you perceive things. Every student in the classroom have different perception. If the teacher’s explanation is not clear, students will have the wrong perception. If they have wrong perception they will form wrong concept.

4. ZPD

The zone of proximal development is the distance between the level of one already achieved and the level of potential development that can be achieved with the help and guidance from more knowledgeable others.

5. Bandura (bobo doll exp)

In Bandura’s theory, he believes that people imitate the actions that they observed.

6. learning differences

inequalities in individual development of physical, mental, emotional and social aspects.

7. learning styles

ways in which an individual processes, internalizes and learns new and challenging things.

8. learning readiness

readiness means to be ready towards learning in terms of cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects

9. 4 learning theories

Cognitivism

-students use their perception to think and gain insight

-study should be one level higher than his ability to stimulate thinking

Constructivism

-students actively construct new knowledge or understanding through social interaction

Humanism

-teacher understands the needs of learners and shows caring

-teacher provide ample time for students to learn/grow

Behaviourism

            -stimulus & response

            -behaviour is shaped through reinforcement

            -learner starts off as a clean state (tabula rasa)

            -learner is passive

            -does not promote creative and critical skills

-learning is a permanent change in behavior

-must have stimulus(conditioning) so that ss give respond

-reinforcement(positive or negative) to make the change of behavior permenantly

10. reinforcement

strengthening behavior through giving rewards or removing punishment when the behavior occurs

11. cooperative learning

-students help each other in process of learning (positive interdependence learning)

-ensures that every one in the group complete the task successfully

-non-competitive if compared to individual learning

-teacher’s role changing from giving information to facilitating students learning

-students utilizing resources and skills within their group members to complete the task

-students satisfaction is heightened

-individual and group accountability are important (like lixin sure cannot)

12. models of teaching

            -a set of plan to guide instructions in the classroom